Accomplishments of Jean Piget Genetic Epistomology

Jean Piaget was one of the most influential theorist of the 20th Century. A constructivist, he was born in Switzerland in 1896, he published his first paper at the age of 10 on an Albino Sparrow. At the age of 16 he was offered a position as curator of a museum but had to turn down as he was still at school. Piaget went on to University and studied Biology, Psychology and Philosophy and rather than choose one he combined all three into a new discipline which he called â€Å"genetic epistemology†, meaning â€Å"the developmental theory of knowledge†, how we know the world. https://moodle.ncirl.ie/course/view.php?id=2389section= Piaget said we can classify education into two main categories, passive education relying on memory and active education†¦show more content†¦Children become familiar with the world through movement and sensations. An example of this would be a child playing with a rattle, the child realises after a certain time that it is then that creates the noise by shaking the rattle. Children also learn that things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen â€Å"object permanence†, for example the hidden keys under the blanket, children automatically think once an object is out of view that it is gone for ever. They are too young to know the difference. They are only focused on what is in front of them. As the months pass by they become aware that although an object is out of sight it does not necessarily mean that it is gone forever. The next stage, the pre-operational stage is where children learn to use colours and pictures to represent objects. Children at this stage tend to be all about themselves and they struggle to see things from the perspective of others. The development of language is also a key part of the pre-operational stage. Examples of this stage in learning include; children role playing – i.e.†mummy†, â€Å"daddy† â€Å"doctor† â€Å"nurse† another example would be using a certain object for another purpose, i.e. a mop for a broomstick. The third stage, is the Concrete operational, this is when children begin to think logically about things. Some children remain at this stage throughout their school years and also throughout life.

School Uniform Persuasive Essay by Javairia Haq - 764 Words

School Uniform Persuasive Essay At a school, a child wearing a stained ragged-patched up sweat shirt and old tired pants full of disgusting mud stains, she goes to her locker quietly, suddenly after getting out her books, five older students surround her. The oblivious teachers and distracted staff don’t even bother noticing older pupils ridiculing the young girl’s outfit, teasing and tormenting the juvenile girl about her revolting clothes till she cries. Finally after the bell rings for 2nd period the older students leave. It caused the young girl to be more embarrassed and humiliated. Schools all across America should be required to wear school uniforms, because they provide school students with†¦show more content†¦For example, opponents â€Å"contend that school uniforms are an unfair additional expense for parents who pay taxes for a free public education† (http://www.greatschools.org/find-a-school/defining -your-idea/121-school-uniforms.gs). Uniforms can be expensive, which poor families might not be able to afford. However, one â€Å"school in Seattle found the average cost of clothing a child in a school with uniforms is less than without such a program, sometimes 80 percent less† (2.ed.gov). Schools that choose to have uniforms could choose ones that don’t cost much, so poor families can afford them. As a result, students should wear uniforms, because they are cheaper. Another reason we should wear school uniforms is they cost less because you won’t have to buy or think about clothing for school, For example, school uniforms would save parent’s money, â€Å"the upfront cost of a uniform would be less than a new wardrobe of the â€Å"coolest† styles† (http://www.proconslist.com/list/education/school-uniforms/35). Children who come â€Å"from a less fortunate economic background would not appear to be â€Å"lacking† or made fun of because their parents could not buy them the trendiest garment† (http ://www.proconslist/list/education/school-uniforms/35). If we wear school uniforms that are less costly, kids wouldn’t be pressured about clothing. School uniforms would save time both â€Å"parents and their children would not have think about what to wear in the morning and parent save time

Report on Evaluation of Health Information Systems

Question: Describe the Report on Evaluation of Health Information Systems. Answer: Summary of the Evaluation Report: This evaluation report presents the findings of the study on information systems on health. Inferently, the major proposition highlighted in this report is that quality of data and its subsequent use are interconnected, that is data of poor quality is not used and will remain in that state (Mphatswearker Rollins, 2012). Equally, the maximization in the use of data helps in the improvement of its quality. Notably, this hypothesis has experimented in workshops for data use, which encourages the enhancement of information value by teamwork building, endorsing orderly peer review, and motivating individual assessment to targets. Background to Health Information Systems The objective of this evaluation is to articulate and appraise the results of the health information systems in gathering and distributing accurate information on illnesses, assessment of the public health services and institutions while also protecting the data from people who can actually cause harm (Craglia Maheswaran, 2016). Assessment of Initiatives Four initiatives were established in relation to the health information system evaluation and in order to improve its effectivity in providing medical care to people (Kongstvedt, 2012). These initiatives include strengthening and gathering of routine health data, improving the capacity to manage health information systems, addressing gaps with durable tools and increasing the capacity for rigorous evaluation (Abdelhak Hanken, 2014). Mini Conclusion The Evaluation concludes that although there are advancements in technology which offer sufficient information to individuals regarding the provision and management of medical care services, such advantages have not been taken into account to improve reporting. Furthermore, with respect to ensuring equitable provision of quality health standards, the recommendations are in agreement with the continuing debate on health information systems. Context and Objectives of Information Systems: Introduction Health Information Systems (HIS) play a role in facilitating making decisions based on evidence in all stages, especially at the collection part. Therefore, this evaluation seeks to analyze the extent to which these systems have been utilized because the primary concern is to improve the health conditions of a given people. This is has been achieved through the successful organization of means of gathering, analyzing and presenting and adequate health planning (Kuperman Pryor, 2013). Numerous flaws have been associated with the implementation of information systems such as lack of guidelines, inadequate personnel, and lack of exchange of ideas and deprived management. Generally, health information system guarantees inadequate statistics for the observance of health objectives and giving the public apt news on health. Nevertheless, the availability and utilization of health facilities is important in the medical field for health practitioners and the public (Mair Murray, 2012). Objective and Scope of Evaluation In relation to the health information systems, evaluation has been conducted due to the high investment levels in the health sector and the need to cater for the targeted groups (Padhy Satapathy, 2012). Consequently, the measurement of performances has become a great issue of concern in the hierarchy of the health sector management. Moreover, pressure and influence alike have been exerted on nations need for information, leading to increased demand and the subsequent cooperation by bilateral and multilateral donors. The utilization of information technology in the medical care raises its own set of rules which concern individuals rights to privacy and the subsequent safeguarding of those civil liberties. These human rights are secured to assist in the enhancement of appropriate morals for the delivery of healthcare services through utilizing technology (Yen Bakken, 2012). Applications of Information on Health Systems In achieving best medical care through evaluation practices, civic health practitioners, and plan producers apply information to perform the following functions. To monitor and regulate the tendencies in health services and the subsequent results To ensure the reliability and straightforwardness of data and its associated elements Information is used in the effective and clear decision-making processes, and these decisions are made without delay To enhance the synchronization of health services and the equality in the distribution of medical care Information is also utilized in the management of resources to help in the greatest maximization of profits Contributions of the Health Information Systems The effect of information systems of health has been observed in both public and private sectors alongside other organizations and the public in general. Additionally these influences are both in a positive and negative way to the enactment of the health and information systems in provisions of quality services. The General Public The evaluation concludes that the public has witnessed the changes in the occurrence of events related to health and accountability on the part of the responsible authorities. Additionally, the public has been accorded relevance on the affairs of the ministry of health performances through a series of publications upon requests. The Private and Public Sectors The evaluation is of the opinion that presently there is no statute that obliges the private and public sectors to provide their data to the public and responsible bodies. However, through the HIS, medical service providers in this sector have a standing necessity in submitting their information frequently as stated to give a good public image. Other Relevant Organizations Health information systems endeavors to work in unity with other organizations such as the ministry of health to assist in the building of a solidifying social and health data that collects, analyses and publishes the system. Assessment of the Initiatives: It was decided to define and design practical initiatives to ensure that the recommendations led to tangible results Initiative 1: Strengthened Collection, Analysis and Use of Routine Health Data In systems of less established countries, one does not exist, while in advanced countries the schemes seek an upgrade with minimal external support. Therefore good information systems are important in looking into health challenges and improvement of medical standards in developing countries. However, the data quality generated by these systems are poor and non-effective in decision making even though there have been international concerns to develop a durable health information mechanism. Undisputedly, factors such as lack of coordinated health activities and standards of data, impracticable ambitions and the incapability of system designers in handling multifaceted cultural and social issues are a barrier to the functionality of HIS (Kaye Chinitz, 2013). Initiative2: Improved Capacity to Manage Health Information Systems Less advanced programs require assistance in creating a successful strategy on management whereas established plans boast resilient leadership in the health ministry. This has been possible through the use of the underutilization of data in decision making and logic model respectively. The logic model explains how activities and inputs on intervention are utilized in influencing the final outcomes of frequent use of health data in policy development and making decisions. The undertakings included in the logic model are the engagement of data users and creators, improving data quality, evaluating, monitoring and communicating outcomes of data use involvements (Koh Parchman, 2013). The underutilization of data in making decisions is not adequately used in development and improvement of policy, tactical planning, or supporting health information systems. Moreover, the complex nature on how hospitals use and contribute to HIS, making decisions, information flow and laxity in data availability contributes to a breakdown inefficient services. Initiative 3: Information Gaps Addressed With Strong Methods and Tools The execution of a prosperous health integration result demands that an institution recognizes its present position and cognize the gaps between its anticipated state and the current one. Therefore in the identification of gaps, a SWOT analysis of suggested reforms, determination of present combination needs, confirmation of enterprise processes, and the insight on reusable assets are indispensable. Evaluation serves to bridge the gaps in countries to a point where they are harnessing methodologies to help in the initiation of effective health information programs. Effectively, a properly calculated determination of gaps adds up to the formulation of inventive and applicable solutions, therefore, it is crucial for a health information system to adapt to many variables that advance operational medical care mechanisms. Furthermore, from the assessment, it was determined that the identification of gaps gauges a medical institution's readiness to create and execute technological advancem ents on health. Lately, the main issue of concern is the bringing together the information on health records of patients for clinical use in a less technical, economical and time-saving manner. Additionally, the ease of access and utilization of data enhances team coordination as creators prefer being given a referral point concerning the health of a patient to be used as progress is monitored (Drazen Schneider, 2012). Initiative 4: Increased Capacity for Rigorous Evaluation The need for a high demand for a reliable data in countries is of value and as such should exist in its components, both locally and internationally. This is aimed towards moving nations to higher standards where research conducted locally to meet the expectations of the government and the laws that govern the particular research. It is, therefore, important to generate an evaluation system and framework that is capable of planning, managing and regulating continuous assessments by community experts in data and officials of the government agencies (Rosen Weaver, 2012) A Summary on Findings on Relevance, Effectiveness , and Sustainability Relevance The relevance of the health information systems initiative has been conducted in accordance with the proposed policies and recommendations. The evaluation concludes that all factors with the exclusion of an initiative were of importance to the recommendations of the policy of HIS.one initiative, the quality of standards, has not been taken into serious considerations despite requests from the board and management team (Stair Reynolds, 2013). Effectiveness This is the capability of the health record systems to meet its goals. However, the eminence of the documents of this project did not add up to the policies needed and as such challenged the evaluation in starting basis for this assessment. This was particularly in respect to the explanation of important indicators of performance and establishment of benchmarks and targets to help in monitoring system enactment. Therefore, if either of the performance indicators is missing, the evaluation of the impact of health records is a daunting task (Street Manning, 2013). Sustainability Most HIS lack the necessary capitals for processing information services and as a result replicating low priorities in managements. Additionally, there is an inadequacy in technical, material and human resources that are needed in the working of the HIS, compounded with the few skills persons trained in the required procedures. Therefore, for sustainability matters, the availability of resources and finances to fund this project in recruiting the appropriate number of staff and computers are necessary. Sustainability is actually improved by the active participation of everyone in all steps of the advancement and depends on maintaining a constant workforce and refining of their skills (Moldan Hk, 2012). Evaluating Health Information Systems: Criteria for Evaluating Health Information Systems The lack of evaluation criteria used in assessing the executed HIS is still a huge failing in the strategy and implementation in the health sector. The probability of designers knowing which methods are effective than the other and why certain criterions thrive when they do not evaluate their systems is minimal. Therefore, evaluating any intervention needs not take place at the execution stage only but also well connected with the design and development of the system since it is imperative assuming that HIS features will be carried out as stipulated (Friedman Huldtgren, 2013). Evidently, in many situations instructions on health do not go as planned and as such the people responsible should guarantee its safe implementation lest they are held liable. However, this is only achievable through evaluation which requires the preparation of a good design of HIS which sets the regulations followed in assessing the accomplishments or disappointments of a system. Additionally, affirming the mechanism on evaluation helps in avoiding the rationalization of HIS and as such questions related to this design becomes simpler to answer (Adam Bennett, 2012). The evaluation criteria observed to help in the achievement of this objective are the objectives and policies together with the technical,financial,political and administrative viability of the HIS design. Recommendations The evaluation lays emphasis on the following recommendations to improve the credibility of Health information system Policy (Middleton Zhang, 2013). They include; The need for the establishment of a central data source is to enable simplicity in accessing data and guaranteeing the security of statistics. The guidance on publishing facts as provided for in the HIS guidelines and relevant existing regulations. This serves to procure the rights of the clients without a compromise on their development. The need for storage of all records in password guarded electronic gadgets to prevent falling into the hands of unauthorized people. The records of patients who pass out in medical centers should be stored for at least a decade provided space is available unless specified otherwise. Rules should be passed on the authority capable of destroying medical records. It is important to share all data from social and health welfare system with stakeholders. This will improve credibility and accountability and as a result winning over the trust of the public The need to impose laws which stipulate the measure of accessing health databases Security measures should be assured for health information in relation to storage, brokerage, and possession. The establishment of fines and penalties when health-related data are violated. Conclusion: The evaluation, therefore, concludes that through the collection of data, integration, data quality enhancement, data analysis and interpretation, problem-solving skills and teamwork are the most culpable ways of maximizing HIS. Furthermore, In relation to the health information systems, the evaluation states that continual monitoring, regulation, and updating of this scheme would service in the provision of quality medical services to the citizens of the affected locality. Additionally, the evaluation also supports the fact that the challenges facing the health sector are due to the failures of the full enactment of the HIS stipulated guidelines, which when conformed to will make life a lot easier. Emphasis was also laid on the role played by HIS in a positive manner in relation to the public and private sectors together with the organizations and it was observed that the impact was of great value. The relevance, sustainability, and effectiveness of health information systems is als o an issue of consideration given that the policy has to be evaluated and its subsequent enactment observed. Inferably, to achieve the objectives of HIS which include the regulation and monitoring of tendencies of healthcare systems, the reliability of data and its associated elements and synchronization of services, a practical and effective system has to be adopted. References: Adam, T., Hsu, J., de Savigny, D., Lavis, J. N., Rttingen, J. A., Bennett, S. (2012). Evaluating health systems strengthening interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: are we asking the right questions? Health Policy and Planning, 27(suppl 4), iv9-iv19. Craglia, M., Maheswaran, R. (Eds.). (2016). GIS in public health practice. CRC press. Drazen, E. L., Metzger, J. B., Ritter, J. L., Schneider, M. K. (2012). Patient care information systems: successful design and implementation. Springer Science Business Media. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. In Early engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory (pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Hafner, T., Shiffman, J. (2013). The emergence of global attention to health systems strengthening. Health policy and planning, 28(1), 41-50. Harris, J. R., Burton, P., Knoppers, B. M., Lindpaintner, K., Bledsoe, M., Brookes, A. J. ... Fortier, I. (2012). Toward a roadmap in global biobanking for health. European Journal of Human Genetics, 20(11), 1105-1111. Kaye, R., Kokia, E., Shalev, V., Idar, D., Chinitz, D. (2013). Barriers and success factors in health information technology: A practitioner's perspective. Journal of Management Marketing in Healthcare. Kellermann, A. L., Jones, S. S. (2013). What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology. Health Affairs, 32(1), 63-68. Koh, H. K., Brach, C., Harris, L. M., Parchman, M. L. (2013). A proposed health literate care modelwould constitute a systems approach to improving patients engagement in care. Health Affairs, 32(2), 357-367. Kongstvedt, P. R. (2012). Essentials of managed health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kuperman, G. J., Gardner, R. M., Pryor, T. A. (2013). HELP: a dynamic hospital information system. Springer Science Business Media. Mair, F. S., May, C., O'Donnell, C., Finch, T., Sullivan, F., Murray, E. (2012). Factors that promote or inhibit the implementation of e-health systems: an explanatory systematic review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(5), 357-364. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M. A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J. M. ... Zhang, J. (2013). Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(e1), e2-e8. Moldan, B., Janoukov, S., Hk, T. (2012). How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: Indicators and targets. Ecological Indicators, 17, 4-13. Mphatswe, W., Mate, K. S., Bennett, B., Ngidi, H., Reddy, J., Barker, P. M., Rollins, N. (2012). Improving public health information: a data quality intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(3), 176-182. Padhy, R. P., Patra, M. R., Satapathy, S. C. (2012). Design and implementation of a cloud-based rural healthcare information system model. Univers J Appl Comput Sci Technol, 2(1), 149-157. Rechel, B., Mladovsky, P., Ingleby, D., Mackenbach, J. P., McKee, M. (2013). Migration and health in an increasingly diverse Europe. The Lancet, 381(9873), 1235-1245. Rosen, M. A., Hunt, E. A., Pronovost, P. J., Federowicz, M. A., Weaver, S. J. (2012). In situ simulation in continuing education for the health care professions: a systematic review. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 32(4), 243-254. Stair, R., Reynolds, G. (2013). Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning. Street, R. L., Gold, W. R., Manning, T. R. (2013). Health promotion and interactive technology: Theoretical applications and future directions. Routledge. Yen, P. Y., Bakken, S. (2012). Review of health information technology usability study methodologies. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 19(3), 413-422.

Loyalty Programs Iocl free essay sample

Loyalty Programs * Email * Print IndianOils loyalty programmes are designed exclusively to benefit the large number of its customers who have been patronising the brand for over five decades. XTRAPOWER The XTRAPOWER Fleet Card programme is a complete smart card-based fleet management solution for fleet operators and corporates for cashless purchase of fuel lubricants from designated retail outlets (petrol pumps) of IndianOil through flexible pre-paid and credit facilities. The fleet card also offers an exciting rewards programme and unique benefits like personal accident insurance cover and vehicle tracking facilities. In just under two years of its launch, it has emerged as the largest fleet card in the country with the widest retail outlet coverage. Any business entity owning or operating a vehicle fleet can become a member of the XTRAPOWER fleet card programme at a nominal annual charge. Each fleet owner is issued a Fleet Control Card and vehicle-specific Fleet Cards for every vehicle enrolled under the programme. We will write a custom essay sample on Loyalty Programs Iocl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For enhanced security, the fleet card transactions are authorised through a unique Personal Identification Number (PIN). Moreover, the card can help track each vehicles movement across remote corners of the country, leading to an improvement in vehicle utilisation and route compliance. XTRAPOWER is also backed by IndianOils vast infrastructure network and web-based support services. Easy Fuel gift card The XTRAPOWER Easy Fuel gift card facilitates corporates in paperless gifting of fuels and lubricants to their employees, customers and other stakeholders, that too from select IndianOil retail outlets numbering over 6,000. As Indias first smart card-based fuel voucher, it offers amazing convenience and security among the gifting options available today, and comes with the option of multiple recharging, or topping-up, and hence ideally suited for reimbursement, repeat incentivisation, etc. Corporate members can log into the dedicate website for allocating requisite funds and for topping up. All transaction details can be viewed on the website, thereby eliminating the need for maintaining separate MIS for reimbursements. A 247 dedicated toll-free helpline (1800 4255599) caters to customer queries. Further details on the XTRAPOWER Fleet Card and Easy Fuel gift card are available on www. iocXTRApower. com. XTRAREWARDS IndianOil XTRAREWARDS is Indias first online rewards programme that seeks to inculcate the habit of redeeming points. It is currently active in Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneshwar, Coimbatore, Mysore, Pune and Secunderabad, with plans to reach other cities soon. The loyalty programme rewards customers paying by cash, credit and debit cards. Each transaction is confirmed online through a charge slip and customers can earn points on fuel/lube purchases at participating IndianOil retail outlets. Additional points can also be earned outside the IndianOil network, covering prominent FMCG, Food, Automobile, Travel, Entertainment, Apparel and Hospitality sectors. Apart from redeeming the accumulated points instantly on fuel / SERVO lubricants at participating retail outlets, card-holders can also redeem the points to get exciting gift items from a catalogue. The redemption on gifts can be registered either from the participating retail outlets or from the comfortable confines of ones home through the 247 IVRS Help Line (1800 22 4111). The programme continuously provides the cardholder with privileges, benefits and offers from a large number of alliance partners, including restaurants, pizza companies, automobile service stations, jewellers, and online shopping companies. Further details on the XTRAREWARDS programme are available on www. XTRArewards. com. | Did you mean : ioc outlets in soth ex delhi Ioc petrol pump, South extension part 1 Results. Compare Top Results Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (R Petrol Pump R K Puram,Delhi IOC * sms Sunil Service Station Petrol Pump Moti Bagh,Delhi IOC * sms Sabharwal Service Station Petrol Pump Ramakrishna Puram Sector 5/ R K Puram Sector 5,Delhi IOC * sms Gupta Service Station Petrol Pump, Public Phone Booth Moti Bagh South,Delhi IOC * sms Pragati Service Station Petrol Pump Minto Road,Delhi IOC * sms Queens Road Service Station Petrol Pump, Car Service Centre Vasant Vihar,Delhi IOC * sms Irwin Road Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi IOC sms Bajdhani Services Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi IOC * sms Metropole Service Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi IOC * sms Irwin Road Service Station Petrol Pump Connaught Place,Delhi How to get started? Purchase a pre-activated IndianOil XTRAREWARDSTM  Ã‚  Card from any authorized marketing channel including your nearest participating IndianOil Retail Outlets. Complete the physical application form kept in the Welcome Kit and hand it over to the channel from where you have purchased the XTRAREWARDSTM card or mail the filled up application o:  IndianOil XTRAREWARDSTM, Member Service Centre, P. O. Box No. 7645, Malad Post Office, Mumbai-400064. Alternatively, fill up and submit the application on-line on this Web Site. Your membership will not get registered and you will not become eligible for the benefits under the Program if the completely filled up and legible application form is not received by us within 60 days from the date of the first transaction at any Participating Establishment. Membership of Applications submitted on line will get registered instantly. Accumulating XTRAREWARDSTM PointsThe Program offers you XTRAREWARDSTM points on purchase of fuel and/or Servo Lubes from participating Retail Outlets of IndianOil. This includes the participating Retail Outlets of its group companies, Indo Burma Petroleum Co Ltd (IBP) and Assam Oil Division (AOD). To provide you with a unique Xtra Value, the XTRAREWARDSTM Program also entitles you to XTRAREWARDSTM points on purchases at affiliates, franchisees and outlets of alliance partners with whom IndianOil may have alliance from time to time. This would provide greater earning opportunities on your XTRAREWARDSTM card, giving your spends that Xtra Edge. Promos and on-line accumulation of PointsWe have gone the Xtra Distance to make XTRAREWARDSTM the only online rewards program in the country that updates your points by the minute; a deserving benefit for our most valuable customer. We also assure you of a never-ending stream of regular promotions and offers to keep you excited and provide you with a plateful of unmatched XTRAREWARDSTM! 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Note: Kindly go through the Frequently Asked Questions, Terms Conditions and Rewards Catalogue for full information on the Program. | Top  | | | |